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The Italian Republic is situated in the southern region of Europe but also consists of Sicily and Sardinia, the largest islands situated in the Mediterranean Sea. Two independent states, the Vatican City and San Marino also exist within Italy. The population of Italy is about 60.2 million. The capital city is Rome, the centre of Western civilisation for the last few millennia, as Roman Empire capital. Italy is a member of the European Union and also a member of G8 and G20 groups. Excavations in Italy reveal that the human presence in this country probably dates back to 200,000 years. The southern regions of Italy enjoy Mediterranean climate, while the northern areas have continental or humid subtropical climate. The coastal regions have warm summers and mild winters. The interior valleys and higher grounds are quite cold in winter. Italy is considered to be the birthplace of Renaissance, shaping the culture, painting, music, arts and architecture of entire Europe. Italy is home to the highest number of World Heritage Sites accepted by UNESCO. Around 43.7 million international tourists visit Italy every year, making it the fifth largest tourist visited global country. The biggest tourist attractions are the Colosseum and the Pompeii ruins, apart from cities such as Rome, Milan, Venice, Florence, Naples, Palermo, Verona, Bologna, Genoa, Turin, etc.
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